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Queen Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom (London, UK, May 24, 1819 – Isle of Wight, UK, January 22, 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom since the death of her paternal uncle, William IV of the United Kingdom, on June 20, 1837, until her death on January 22, 1901, she also had the title of Empress of India and she was the first one to hold this title since January 1, 1877 until her death as well.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, fourth son of King George III. Both the duke and the king died in 1820, whereby Victoria was raised under the supervision of her mother, the German Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at eighteen, after the death without descendants of three paternal uncles of her. The UK was already at that time an established constitutional monarchy in which the sovereign had relatively little direct political powers. Privately, Victoria tried to influence the government and the appointment of ministers. In public, she became a national icon and figure who personified the model of ferrous and personal moral values typical of the era.
She married her cousin, Prince Albert, in 1840. Their nine sons and twenty of their forty-two grandchildren intermarried with other members of royalty or nobility of Europe, linking these together. This earned her the nickname “Grandmother of Europe”. After Albert’s death in 1861, Victoria started a mourning during which she avoided appearing in public.
As a result of her isolation, republicanism gained strength for a while, but in the second half of her reign, her popularity rose again. Her jubilees gold and diamond were enormously celebrated. Her reign of 63 years and 7 months has been the longest in the history of UK and is known as Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific and military change in the UK and was marked by the expansion of the British Empire. Victoria was the last monarch of the House of Hanover. His son and successor, Edward VII belonged to the new house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
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